Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York, 2000, 648 pp.

4.1    Introduction
4.2    Bilayer Lipid Membranes (BLM)
        4.2.1    History of BLMs
        4.2.2    Formation of BLMs
        4.2.3    Properties of BLMs
4.3    Supported Bilayer Lipid Membranes
        4.3.1    BLMs on microporous filters and SnO2 glass
        4.3.2    Metal-supported s-BLMs
        4.3.3    Gel-supported sb-BLMs
4.4    Liposomes (Micro-Lipid-Vesicles, MLV)
        4.4.1    Background of liposomes
        4.4.2    Preparation of liposomes
        4.4.3    Basic properties of liposomes
        4.4.4    Applications of liposomes
4.5    Planar Lipid Bilayers (BLMs) vs. Spherical Liposomes
 

General References

S. G. Davison (ed.), Progress in Surface Science, Vols. 4 (1973); 19, (1985); 23 (1986); 30 (1989); 41 (1992); 47 (1994); 49 (1995)
H. T. Tien, Bilayer Lipid Membranes (BLM): Theory and Practice, Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y., 1974
V. F. Antonov, Y. G. Rovin, and L. T. Trofimov, A Bibliography of BLMs, All Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, Moscow, 1979
R. Antolini, A. Gliozzi, and A. Gorio (eds.), Transport in Biomembranes: Model Systems and Reconstitution, Raven Press, New York, 1982
J. H. Fendler, Membrane Mimetic Chemistry, John Wiley, N.Y., 1982
M. J. Ostro, Liposomes, Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y., 1983
G. G. Roberts (ed.), Special Issue, Symposium on Molecular Electronics and Biocomputers (MEBC), 24-27 August, 1987, Supplement to J. Molecular Electronics, Vol. 4 (1988) s1-s108
F. T. Hong (ed.), Molecular Electronics: Biosensors and Biocomputers, Plenum Press, N. Y., 1989, pp. 259-270
W. Hanke and W.-R. Schlue, Planar Lipid Bilayers, Academic Press, N.Y., 1993
R. R. Birge (ed.), Molecular and Biomolecular Electronics, Advance in Chemistry Series No.240, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1994
T. Hianik and V. I. Passechnik, Bilayer Lipid Membranes: Structure and Mechanical Properties, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London and Bratislava, 1995
P. T. Frangopol and M. Sanduloviciu (eds.), Current Topics in Biophysics, A. I. Cusz University Press, Romania, 1996
M. Rosoff (ed.), Vesicles, Marcel Dekker, Inc., N.Y., 1996
 

Specific References

1. R. M. Burton (ed.), Proc. Am. Oil Chemists’ Soc., 45 (1968) 201
2. P. Mueller, D. O. Rudin, H. T. Tien, and W. C. Wescott, Nature, 194 (1962) 979; J. Phys. Chem., 67 (1963) 534
3. C. V. Boys, Soap Bubbles: Their Colours and the Forces which Mould Them, Dover, New York, 1959
4. Medical World News (cover story), February 15,1963, pp. 64-70
5. A. D. Bangham, Surrogate cells or Trojan horses, BioSystems, 17 (1995) 1081-1088
6. W. A. Huemoeller and H. T. Tien, J. Chem. Edu., 47 (1970) 469-470
7.  R. L. Robinson and A. Strickholm, Biochim. Biophys., 509 (1978) 9
8. I. I. Ismailov, B. K. Berdiev, V. G. Shlyonsky, and D. J. Benos, Biohys. J., 72 (1997) 1182; J. Gen. Physiol., 106 (1995) 445
9. H. T. Tien, Journal of General Physiology, 52 (1, pt.2) (1968) 125-144
10. I. B Ivanov (ed.), Thin Liquid Films, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel, 1988, p. 927
11. Z. Lojewska, D. L. Farkas, B. Elrenberg, and L. M. Loew, Biophys. J., 56 (1989) 121
12. M. Mountz and H. T. Tien, Photochem. Photobiol., 28 (1978) 395
13. M. Thompson, R. B. Lennox, and R. A. McClelland, Anal. Chem., 54 (1982) 76
14. H. Yoshikawa, T. Hayashi, H. Shimooka, Terada and T. Ishii, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 145 (1987) 1092
15. T. D. Osborn and P. Yager, Langmuir, 11 (1995) 8
16. R. Benz, R. Elbert, W. Prass, H. Ringsdorf, Euro. Biophys. J., 14 (1986) 83
17. R. Rolandi, D. Ricci, and O. Brandt, J. Phys. Chem., 96 (1992) 6783-6790; Prog. Coll. Polym. Sci., 81 (1990) 222-224
18. H. T. Tien (ed.), Photochem. Photobiol., 24 (1976) 95
19. A. Finkelstein and A. Cass, J. Gen. Physiol., 52 (1, pt.2) (1968) 145
20. L. V. Chernomordik, G. B. Melikyan and Y. A. Chizmadzhev, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 906 (1987) 309-352
21. G. Benga (ed.), Water Transport in Biological Membranes, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, pp. 41-75
22. D. Exerowa and D. Kashchiev, Black Films, Contem. Physics, 27 (1986) 429
23. D. Gallez, N. M. Costa Pinto, and P. M. Bisch, J. Colloid & Interface Science, 160 (1993) 141-148
24. Z. Zhang and Y.-Q. Liang, J. Coll. Int. Sci., 169 (1995) 220-225
25. Y. Umezawa and S. Kihara (eds.), Molecular Recognition at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Fundamental and Analytical Applications, Special Issue of Analytical Science, Vol. 14, February, 1998, pp. 1-248
26. D. P. Nikolelis, U. J. Krull, A. L. Ottova, and H. T. Tien, in Handbook of Chemical and Biological Sensors, (R. F. Taylor and J. S. Schultz, eds.), Institute of Physics Publising, Philadelphia, 1996, Chapter 9
27. J.-M. Kauffmann (ed.), Special Issue on Electrochemical Biosensors, Bioelectrochem.Bioenerg., 41 (1997) 1
28. U. Zimmermann, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 694 (1982) 227-277
29. T. Y. Tsong, Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 24 (1990) 271; Biophys. J., 60 (1991) 297-306
30. I. Genco, A. Gliozzi, R. M. Robello, E. Scalas, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1149 (1993) 1024
31. G. C. Troiano, L. Tung, V. Sharma, and K. J. Stebe, Biophys. J., 75 (1998) 880-888
32. P. Vassilev, H. T. Tien, in Artificial and Reconstituted Membrane Systems, Subcellular Biochemistry; (J. R. Harris, A.-H. Etemadi, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 1989, Vol. 4, pp. 97-143
33. G. B. Melikyan, M. M. Kozlov, L. V. Chernomordik, and V. S. Markin, Biochim Biophys.Acta, 776 (1984) 169
34. M. Winterhalter and W. Helfrich, Physical Rev., 36 (1987) 5874
35. S. E. Feller and R. W. Pastor, Biophy. J., 71 (1996) 1350-1356
36. Y. Fang and J. Yang, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1324 (1997) 309
37. H. T. Tien, J. Phys. Chem., 88 (1984) 3172; J. Electroanal. Chem., 174 (1984) 299; J. Electroanal. Chem., 211 (1986) 19
38. A. Ring, Pflugers Arch., 420 (1992) 264-268
39. M. Blank (ed.), Biomembrane Electrochemistry, Adv. Chem. Series No.235, ACS, Washington, D.C., 1994
40. L.-Q. Gu, L.-G. Wang, J. Xun, A. Ottova-Leitmannova, et al. Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 39 (1996) 275
41. H. Yamada, H. Shiku, T. Matsue, and I. Uchida, J. Phys. Chem., 97 (1993) 9547-9549
42. Y. Cheng, V. J. Cunnane, A.-K. Kontturi, K. Kontturi, and D. J. Schifrin, J. Phys. Chem., 100 (1996) 15470; V. J. Cunnane and D. J. Schiffrin, J. Electroanal. Chem., 243 (1988) 455
43. V. F. Antonov, E. V. Shevchenko, E. Y. Smirnova, E. V. Yakovenko, A. V. Frolov, Chem. Phys. Lipids, 61, 1992, No.3, 219-224
44. P. Laeuger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 24 (1985) 905
45. S. Alonso-Romanowski, L. M. Gassa, J. R. Vilche, Electrochim. Acta, 40 (1995) 1561-1567; (Vallejo and colleagues)
46. D. R. Laver, J. R. Smith, H.G.L. Coster, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 772 (1984) 1-9; H.G.L. Coster, T.C. Chilcott, and E. P. George, J. Membrane Sci., 100 (1995) 77-86
47. K. Akashi, H. Miyata, H. Itoh, K. Kinosita, Biophys. J., 71 (1996) 3242
48. C. Steinem, A. Janshoff, H.-J. Galla, and M. Sieber, Boelectrochem. Bioenerg., 42, (1997) 213
49. B. A. Cornell, V.L.B. Braach-Maksvytis, L. G. King, P.D.J. Osman, B. Raguse, L. Wieczorek, and R. J. Pace, Nature, 387 (1997) 580
50. J. R. Lopez and H. T. Tien, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 597 (1980) 433
51. A. Ottova-Leitmannova and H. T. Tien, Prog. Surface Science, 41, 1992, No.4, 337-446
52. G. Paillotin, A. Dobek, J. Breton, W. Leibl, and H.-W. Trissl, Biophys. J., 65 (1993) 379
53. Z.-C. Bi, Y.-Y. Qian, J.-P. Huang, Z.-J. Xiao and J.-Y. Yu, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 77 (1994) 37
54. Y. N. Antonenko, T. I. Rokitskaya, E. A. Kotova, and A. S. Taisova, FEBS Lett., 337 (1994) 77
55. A. Dobek, G. Paillotin, J. Gapinski, J. Breton, W. Leibl, and H.-W. Trissl, J. Theoret. Biol., 170 (1994) 129
56. B. Fuks and F. Homble, Biophys. J., 66 (1994) 1404
57. M. Tanaka, Y. Yonezawa, Mat. Sci. Eng. C-Biomem., 4 (1997) 297
58. J. H. Yang, J. Zhang, D. J. Wang, J. Photoch. Photobiol. A, 112 (1998) 225-229
59. N. S. Naser, Planner A, Frackowiak D., J. Photoch. Photobiol. A, 113, 1998, No.3, 279-282
60. A. Ottova-Leitmannova, T. Martynski, A. Wardak, et al., in Adv. Chem. Series No.240, ACS, Washington, D.C. (1994) 439-454
61. V. Tvarozek, H. T. Tien, I. Novotny, T. Hianik, J. Dglugopolsky, W. Ziegler, A. L. Ottova, J. Jakabovic, Rehacek, and M. Uhlar, Sensors and Actuators B, 19 (1994) 597
62. N. M. Kocherginsky, I. S. Osak, L. E. Bromberg, V. A. Karyagin, and Yu. Sh. Moshkivsky, J. Memb. Sci., 30 (1987) 39-46
63. M. Zviman and H. T. Tien, Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 6 (1991) 37
64. A. D. Petelska and Z. A. Figaszewski, Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 46 (1998) 199-204
65. H.-P. Yuan, A. Ottova-Leitmannova, and H. T. Tien, Mat’l Sci. & Eng.: C, 4 (1996) 35
66.  X.-D. Lu, A. L. Ottova, and H. T. Tien, Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 39 (1996) 285
67. W. Ziegler, M. Gaburjakova, J. Gaburjakova, V. Tvarozek, and T. Hianik, Biologia, 51, (1996) 683
68.  N. Kimizuka, T. Wakiyama, A. Yanagi, S. Shinkai, T. Kunitake, Bull. Chem. Soc.Jpn., 69 (1996) 3681-3684
69. A. Ottova, V. Tvarozek, J. Racek, J. Sabo, W. Ziegler, T. Hianik, and H. T. Tien, Supramolecular Science, 4 (1997) 110; J. S. Huebner, A. E. Popp, and K. R. Williams, J. Chem. Ed., 65 (1988) 102-108
70. J. Kutnik and H. T. Tien, J. Electrophysiol. Tech., 14 (1987) 211-221
71. Schwarz and A. Arbuzova, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1239 (1995) 51-57
72. R. A. Schwendener, D. H. Horber, K. Rentsch, E. Hänseler, B. Pestalozzi, and C. Sauter, J. Liposome Res., 4 (1994) 605-639
73. J. R. Philippot and F. Schuber (eds.), Liposomes As Tools in Basic Research and Industry, 1995
74. K. Berndl, J. Kas, R. Lipowsky, E. Sackmann, and U. Serfert, Europhysics Lett., 13 (1990) 659
75. P. S. Brookes, D.F.S. Rolfe, and M. D. Brand, J. Memb. Biol., 155 (1997) 167-174
76.  P. A. Grigoriev, R. Schlegel, and U. Graefe, Bioeletrochem. Bioenerg., 46 (1998) 151-154
77. G. Gregoriadis, Liposomes in drug targetting, Cell Biology, (1994)
78. M. Babincova, Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 32 (1993) 187
79. Q.-Y. Zhou and R.W. Knighton, Applied Optics, 34 (1995) 2354
80. H. Yamaguchi and H. Nakanishi, Sensors & Actuators: B, 13/14 (1993) 376
81. P. Bianco and J. Haladjian, Electrochim. Acta, 39 (1994) 911
82. P. B. Contino, C. A. Hasselbacher, J.B.A. Ross, and Y. Nemerson, Biophys. J., 67 (1994) 1113
83. .P.-A. Ohlsson, T. Tjarnhage, E. Herbai, S. Lofas, and G. Puu, Bioeletrochem. Bioenerg., 38 (1995) 137
84. L. Dei, E. Ferroni, and G. Sarti, Colloids & Surfaces, 4 (1995) 433
85. S. H. White, Science , 207 (1980) 1075-1077
86. B. Raguse, V. Braach-Maksvytis, et al., Langmuir, 14 (1998) 648
87. B. McCormack and G. Gregoriadis (eds.), Strategies for Stealth Therapeutic Systems, Vol. 300, Plenum, N.Y. and London, 1998
88. D. D. Lasic and D. Papahadjopoulos (eds.), Medical Applications of Liposomes, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998
89. A. S. Janoff (ed.), Liposomes: Rational Design, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1999
90. C. P. Woodbury, D. L. Venton, Methods of screening combinatorial libraries using immobilized or restrained receptors, J. Chromatogr. B, 725, 1999, No.1, 113-137
91. E. M. Egorova, Disagreement between experimental potential changes and the Gouy-Chapman theory predictions for dilute 1:1 electrolyte solutions: 1. Phenomenology of a problem, Colloid J., 62, 2000, No.3, 284-296
 

The Lipid Bilayer Concept and Its Experimental Realization:
From Soap Bubbles, Kitchen Sink, to Bilayer Lipid Membranes (in press, 2001)

Abstract. The inspiration for lipid bilayer research, without question, comes from the biological world. Although self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) in vitro, were first reported in 1961, experimental scientists have been dealing with BLM-type interfacial adsorption phenomena since Robert Hooke’s time (1672). BLMs (planar lipid bilayers) have been used in a number of applications ranging from basic membrane biophysics including transport, practical AIDS research, and ‘microchips’ studies, to the conversion of solar energy via water photolysis, to biosensor development using supported bilayer lipid membranes (s-BLMs), and to photobiology comprising apoptosis and photodynamic therapy. This paper presents an overview of the origin of the lipid bilayer concept and its experimental realization, as well as the studies of our laboratory and recent research of others on the use of BLMs as models of certain biomembranes. In addition, we describe briefly our present work on supported BLMs as biosensors and molecular devices; the experiments carried out in close collaboration with colleagues on s-BLMs are delineated.

1. R. Hooke, Royal Society Meeting, in T. Birch (Ed.), The History of the Royal Society of London, A. Miller, London, 1672, 3: 29, p. 1757.
2. I. Newton, Optics reprinted edition, Dover, NY, 1952 (1704), pp. 215- 232.
3. A. Ottova, V. Tvarozek, J. Racek, J. Sabo, W. Ziegler, T. Hianik, et al., Self-assembled BLMs: biomembrane models and biosensor applications, Supramolecular Science, 4 (1997) 101.
4. H.T. Tien and A.L. Ottova, Membrane Biophysics: As viewed from experimental bilayer lipid membranes (planar lipid bilayers and spherical liposomes), Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York, 2000, 648 pp.
5. M. Kerker (Ed.), Surface Chemistry and Colloids, Vol. 7, MTP International Review of Science , A.D. Buckingham (Consultant Editor), Butterworths, London, 1972, Chaps.1 and 2.
6. I. Langmuir, Monomolecular layers of fatty acids at air-water interfaces, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 39 (1917) 1848.
7. E. Gorter and F. Grendel, On bimolecular layers of lipoids on the chromocytes of the blood, J. Expt. Med., 41 (1925) 439.
8. J.D. Robertson, Unit Membrne Hypothesis, J. Cell Biol., 91 (1981) 189s.
9. P. Fishman (Ed.), Symposium on the Plasma Membrane, American Heart Association and New York Heart Association, New York City, December 8-9, 1961. Published as a supplement in Circulation, 26 (1962) No. 5, Part 2. P. Mueller, D.O. Rudin, H.T. Tien and W.C. Wescott, Reconstitution of cell membrane structure in vitro and its transformation into an excitable system, Nature, 194 (1962) 979; J. Phys. Chem., 67 (1963) 534.
10. C.V. Boys, Soap Bubbles: Their Colours and the Forces which Mould Them, Dover, NY, 1959 (1912), 193 pp.
11. A.D. Bangham, Surrogate cells or Trojan horses, BioEssays, 17 (1995) 1081-1088.
12. H.T. Tien and A.L. Ottova, From self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) to supported BLMs on metal and hydrogel substrates to practical applications, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 149 (1999) 217-233.
13. J. Koryta, Ions, Electrodes and Membranes, Wiley, New York, Toronto, 1982, pp. 130-131.
14. R. Lipowsky, The Morphology of Lipid Membranes, Current Biology, 5 (1995) 531-540.
15.  L. Cezanne, A. Lopez, F. Loste, G. Parnaud, O. Saurel, P. Demange and J.F. Tocanne, Organization and dynamics of the proteolipid complexes formed by annexin V and lipids in planar supported lipid bilayers, Biochemistry, 38 (1999) 2779.
16. E. Gallucci, S. Micelli and G. Monticelli, Pore formation in lipid bilayer membranes made of phosphatidylinositol and oxidized  cholesterol followed by means of alternating current, Biophys. J., 71 (1996) 824-831.
17. C. Karolis, H.G.L. Coster, T.C. Chilcott and K.D. Barrow, Differential effects of cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol in egg lecithin bilayers, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Biomembranes, 1368 (1998) 247-255.
18. F.T. Hong, Interfacial photochemistry of retinal proteins, Prog. Surf. Sci., 62 (1999) 1-237.
19. M. Rosoff (Ed.), Vesicles, Dekker, Inc., New York, 1996, 768 pp.
20. J.R. Harris and A.-H. Etemadi (Eds.), Artificial and Reconstituted Membrane Systems, Subcellular Biochemistry, Plenum Press, New York, 1989, Vol. 14.
21. M. Tsionsky, J.F. Zhou, S. Amemiya, F.R.F. Fan, A.J. Bard and R.A.W. Dryfe, Scanning electrochemical microscopy. Application of SCEM to the study of charge transfer through bilayer lipid membranes, Analytical Chem., 71 (1999) 4300-4305.
22. A. Ermakov, A.Z. Averbakh, A.B. Arbuzova and S.I. Sukharev, Lipid and cell membranes in the presence of gadolinium and other ions with high affinity to lipids. A dipole component of the boundary potential on membranes with different surface charge, Membr. Cell Biol., 12(3) (1998) 411-426.
23. C.N. Armah, A.R. Mackie, C. Roy, K. Price, A.E. Osbourn, P. Bowyer and S. Ladha, The membrane-permeabilizing effect of avenacin A-1 involves the reorganization of bilayer cholesterol, Biophys. J., 76(1 Pt 1) (1999) 281-290.
24. R.E. Dale, S.C. Hopkins, U.A. An-Der-Heide, T. Marszalek, M. Irving and Y.E. Goldman, Model-independent analysis of the orientation of fluorescent probes with restricted mobility in muscle fibers, Biophys. J., 76(3) (1999) 1606-1618.
25. K. Saxena, V. Drosou, E. Maier, R. Benz and B. Ludwig, Ion selectivity reversal and induction of voltage-gating by site-directed   mutations in the Paracoccus denitrificans porin, Biochemistry, 38 (1999) 2206-2212.
26. F. Tombola, C. Carlesso, I. Szabo, M. De-Bernard, J.M. Reyrat, J.L. Telford, R. Rappuoli, C. Montecucco, E. Papini and M. Zoratti, Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin forms anion-selective channels in planar lipid bilayers: possible implications for the mechanism of cellular vacuolation, Biophys. J., 76 (1999) 1401-1409.
27. J.L. Kourie, Synthetic mammalian C-type natriuretic peptide forms large cation channels, FEBS-Lett., 445 (1999) 57-62.
28. O. Rossetto, M. Seveso, P. Caccin, G. Schiavo and C. Montecucco, Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins: turning bad guys into good by research, Toxicon, 39(1) (2001).
29. B. Jovov, A. Tousson, H.L. Ji, D. Keeton, V. Shlyonsky, P.J. Ripoll, C.M. Fuller and D.J. Benos, Regulation of epithelial Na(+) channels by actin in planar lipid bilayers  and in the Xenopus oocyte expression system, J. Biol. Chem., 274(3) (1999) 37845-37854.
30. D. Zielinska, H. Radecka and J. Radecki, Contribution of membrane surface charge in the interaction of lead and tin  derivatives with model lipid membrane, Chemosphere, 40(3) (2000) 327-330.
31. A. Osickova, R. Osicka, E. Maier, R. Benz and P. Sebo, An amphipathic alpha-helix including glutamates 509 and 516 is crucial for membrane translocation of adenylate cyclase toxin and modulates formation and cation selectivity of its membrane channels, J. Biol. Chem., 274(53) (1999) 37644-37650.
32. V. Wray, R. Kinder, T. Federau, P. Henklein, B. Bechinger, U. Schubert, Solution structure and orientation of the transmembrane anchor domain of the HIV-1-encoded virus protein U by high-resolution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, Biochem., 38 (1999) 5272-5282.
33. D.O. Rudin and C. Felix, The Omega-3 Phenomenon, Rawson Associates, New York, 1987.
34. S.P. Koo, A.S. Bayer, B.L. Kagan and M.R. Yeaman, Membrane permeabilization by thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 is modulated by transmembrane voltage polarity and magnitude, Infect. Immun., 67 (1999) 2475-2481.
35. D.J. Woodbury, Nystatin/ergosterol method for reconstituting ion channels into planar lipid bilayers, Methods Enzymol., 294 (1999) 319-339.
36. L.G. Romano-Fontes, R. Curi, C.M. Peres, A. Nishiyama-Naruke, K. Brunaldi, F. Abdulkader and J. Procopio, Fatty acid transport across lipid bilayer planar membranes, Lipids, 35 (2000) 31-34.
37. T. Gropp, N. Brustovetsky, M. Klingenberg, V. Muller, K. Fendler and E. Bamberg, Kinetics of electrogenic transport by the ADP/ATP carrier, Biophys. J., 77 (1999) 714-726.
38. T. Baba, Y. Toshima, H. Minamikawa, M. Hato, K. Suzuki and N. Kamo, Formation and characterization of planar lipid bilayer membranes from  synthetic phytanyl-chained glycolipids, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1421(1) (1999) 91-102.
39. A. Hirano, M. Wakabayashi, M. Sugawara, S. Uchino and S. Nakajima-Iijima, Evaluation and comparison of ion permeation and agonist selectivities for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channels with different subunit compositions in bilayer lipid membranes based on integrated single-channel currents, Anal. Biochem., 283(2) (2000) 258-265.
40. U.S. Rao, A. Mehdi, R.E. Steimle, Expression of amiloride-sensitive sodium channel: a strategy for the coexpression of multimeric membrane protein in Sf9 insect cells, Analytical Biochemistry, 286(2) (2000) 206-213.
41. O. Peyronnet, V. Vachon, J.L. Schwartz and R. Laprade, Ion channel activity from the midgut brush-border membrane of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae,  Journal of Experimental Biology, 203(12) (2000) 1835-1844.
42. M.H. Nordeen, S.M. Jones, K.E. Howell and J.H. Caldwell, GOLAC: An endogenous anion channel of the Golgi complex, Biophysical Journal 78(6) (2000) 2918-2928.
43. G. Guihard, V. Vachon, R. Laprade and J.L. Schwartz, Kinetic properties of the channels formed by the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein Cry1C in the  plasma membrane of Sf9 cells, Journal of Membrane Biology, 175(2) (2000) 115-122.
44. R.J. Davenport and M. Tester, A weakly voltage-dependent, nonselective cation channel mediates toxic sodium influx in wheat, Plant Physiology 122(3), 2000, 823-834.
45. Y. Sokolov, W.S. Mailliard, N. Tranngo, M. Isas, H. Luecke, H.T. Haigler and J.E. Hall, Annexins V and XII alter the properties of planar lipid bilayers seen by conductance probes,  Journal of General Physiology, 115(5) (2000) 571-582.
46. F. Jacob-Dubuisson, C. El-Hamel, N. Saint, S. Guedin, E. Willery, G. Molle and C. Locht, Channel formation by FhaC, the outer membrane protein involved in the secretion of the Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274(53) (1999) 37731-37735.
47. R. Brok, P. Van Gelder, M. Winterhalter, U. Ziese, A.J. Koster, H. de Cock, M. Koster, J. Tommassen and W. Bitter, The C-terminal domain of the Pseudomonas secretin XcpQ forms oligomeric rings with pore activity, Journal of Molecular Biology, 294(5) (1999) 1169-1179.
48. H.J. Kim, S.K. Han, J.B. Park, H.J. Baek, B.J. Lee and P.D. Ryu, Gaegurin 4, a peptide antibiotic of frog skin, forms voltage-dependent  channels in planar lipid bilayers, J. Pept. Res. (1999) 531-537.
49. N. Sakai, C. Ni, S.M. Bezrukov and S. Matile, Voltage-dependent ion channel formation by rigid rod-shaped polyols in planar lipid bilayers, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8 (1998) 2743-2746
50. P. Buhlmann, H. Aoki, K.P. Xiao, S. Amemiya, K. Tohda, Y. Umezawa, Chemical sensing with chemically modified electrodes that mimic gating at biomembranes incorporating ion-channel receptors, Electroanalysis, 10(17) (1998) 1149-1158.
51. S. Kalinowski, Z. Lotowski and J.W. Morzycki, The influence of bolaamphilic steroid dimer on the foromation and structure of BLMs, Cell Biol. Mol. Lett., 5 (2000) 107-128.
52. H. Abrecht, R. Wattiez, J.M. Ruysschaert and F. Homble, Purification and characterization of two voltage-dependent anion channel isoforms from plant seeds, Plant Physiol., 124, (2000) 1181-1190.
53. H. Cadiou, I. Sienaert, S. Vanlingen, J.B. Parys, G. Molle and H. Duclohier, Basic properties of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channel in carp olfactory cilia, Euro. J. Neurosci., 12 (2000) 2805-2811.
54. G. Tadjibaeva, R. Sabirov and T. Tomita, Flammutoxin, a cytolysin from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, forms two different types of voltage-gated channels in lipid bilayer membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1467(2) (2000) 431-443.
55. S. Shimizu, T. Ide, T. Yanagida and Y. Tsujimoto, Electrophysiological study of a novel large pore formed by Bax and the voltage-dependent anion channel that is permeable to cytochrome c, J. Biol. Chem., 275(16) (2000) 12321-12325.
56. A. Tripathy, L. Xu, D.A. Pasek and G. Meissner, Effects of 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime on Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of cardiac and skeletal muscle, J. Memb. Biol., 169 (1999) 189-198.
57. R. Mejia-Alvarez, C. Kettlun, E. Rios, M. Stern and M. Fill, Unitary Ca2+ current through cardiac ryanodine receptor channels under quasi-physiological ionic conditions, J. Gen. Physiol., 113(2) (1999) 177-186.
58. T. Murayama, T. Oba, E. Katayama, H. Oyamada, K. Oguchi, M. Kobayashi, K. Otsuka and Y. Ogawa, Further characterization of the type 3 ryanodine receptor (RyR3) purified  from rabbit diaphragm, J. Biol. Chem., 274(24) (1999) 17297-17308.
59. P. Koulen and B.E. Ehrlich, Reversible block of the calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor by protamine, a heparin antidote, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 11(7) (2000) 2213-2219.
60. P.L. Li, W.X. Tang, H.H. Valdivia, A.P. Zou and W.B. Campbell, cADP-ribose activates reconstituted ryanodine receptors from coronary arterial smooth muscle, Am. J. Physiol. Heart, Circ.Physiol., 280(1) (2001) H208-H215.
61. K. Cote, S. Proteau, J. Teijeira and E. Rousseau, Characterization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum K+ and Ca2+-release channel-ryanodine receptor in human atrial cells, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 32 (2000) 2051-2063.
62. A. Shtifman, C.W. Ward, J. Wang, H.H. Valdivia and M.F. Schneider, Effects of imperatoxin A on local sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in  frog skeletal muscle, Biophys. J., 79(2) (2000) 814-827.
63. P.S. Phale, A. Philippsen, T. Kiefhaber, R. Koebnik, V.P. Phale, T. Schirmer and J.P. Rosenbusch, Stability of trimeric OmpF porin: the contributions of the latching loop L2, Biochemistry, 37 (1998) 15663-15670.
64. H. Kleivdal, R. Benz, J. Tommassen and H.B. Jensen, Identification of positively charged residues of FomA porin of Fusobacterium nucleatum which are important for pore function, Eur. J. Biochem., 260 (1999) 818-824.
65. F.G. Riess, T. Lichtinger, A.F. Yassin, K.P. Schaal and R. Benz, The cell wall porin of the gram-positive bacterium Nocardia asteroides forms cation-selective channels that exhibit asymmetric voltage dependence, Arch. Microbiol., 171 (1999) 173-182.
66. C. Andersen, B. Rak and R. Benz, The gene bglH present in the bgl operon of Escherichia coli, responsible for  uptake and fermentation of beta-glucosides encodes for a carbohydrate-specific outer membrane porin, Mol. Microbiol., 31(2) (1999) 499-510.
67. F.R. Sallmann, S. Baveye-Descamps, F. Pattus, V. Salmon, N. Branza, G. Spik and D. Legrand, Porins OmpC and PhoE of Escherichia coli as specific cell-surface targets of human lactoferrin. Binding characteristics and biological effects, J. Biol. Chem., 274 (1999) 16107-16114.
68. K.P. Hellmann, S. Siadat, S. Reymann and F.P. Thinnes, Studies on human porin XIX: zinc ions reduce the voltage-dependence of human type-1 porin integrated in artificial planar lipid bilayers; barium ions do not, Mol. Genet. Metab., 67 (1999) 176-180.
69. S. Siadat, S. Reymann, A. Horn and F.P. Thinnes, Studies on human porin XVIII: the multicom partment effector ruthenium red reduces the voltage dependence of human VDAC in planar lipid bilayers, Mol. Genet. Metab., 6 (1998) 246-249.
70. A. Mathes and H. Engelhardt, Nonlinear and asymmetric open channel characteristics of an ion-selective porin in planar membranes, Biophys. J., 75 (1998) 1255-1262.
71. S. Wyllie, D. Longbottom, A.J. Herring and R.H. Ashley, Single channel analysis of recombinant major outer membrane protein porins from Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae, FEBS Lett., 445(1) (1999) 192-196.
72. F.P. Thinnes, K.P. Hellmann, T. Hellmann, R. Merker, C. Schwarzer, G. Walter, H. Gotz and N. Hilschmann, Studies on human porin XXI: Gadolinium opens up cell membrane standing porin channels making way for the osmolytes chloride or taurine - A putative approach to activate the alternate chloride channel in cystic fibrosis, Mol. Genetics Metabolism, 69 (2000) 240-251.
73. M.M. Exner, X. Wu, D.R. Blanco, J.N. Miller and M.A. Lovett, Protection elicited by native outer membrane protein Oms66 (p66) against  host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi: conformational nature of bactericidal Epitopes, Infect. Immun., 68(5) (2000) 2647-2654.
74. F.S. Brinkman, M. Bains and R.E. Hancock, The amino terminus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein OprF forms channels in lipid bilayer membranes: correlation with a three-dimensional model, J. Bacteriol., 182(18) (2000) 5251-5255.
75. A. Arora, D. Rinehart, G. Szabo and L.K. Tamm, Refolded outer membrane protein A of Escherichia coli forms ion channels with two conductance states in planar lipid bilayers. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275(3) (2000) 1594 -1600.
76. N. Guiliani and C. Jerez A Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of omp-40, the gene coding for the major outer membrane protein from the acidophilic bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(6) (2000) 2318-2324.
77. Y. A. Chizmadzhev, P.I. Kuzmin, D.A. Kumenko, J. Zimmerberg, F.S. Cohen.,  Dynamics of fusion pores connecting membranes of different tensions, Biophys. J. 78 (5): 2241-2256 MAY 2000;  K.C. Melikov, V.A. Frolov, Y.A. Chizmadzhev and L.V. Chernomordik, Voltage-induced single pores in unmodified planar lipid bilayer, Biophy. J., 76(1) (1999) A439-A439.
78. D. Exerowa and P.M. Kruglyakov, Foam and Foam Films, Elsevier, 1998, 796 pp.
79. C.M. Fuller and D.J. Benos, Electrophysiological characteristics of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel family of anion transport proteins, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 27(11) (2000) 906-910.
80. M.L. Wagner and L.K. Tamm, Tethered polymer-supported planar lipid bilayers for reconstitution of integral membrane proteins: Silane-polyethyleneglycol-lipid as a cushion and covalent linker, Biophys. J., 79(3) (2000) 1400-1414.
81. O.G. Mouritsen and K. Jorgensen, A new look at lipid-membrane structure in relation to drug research, Pharm. Res., 15 (1998) 1507-1519.
82. G. Guihard, S. Proteau, M.D. Payet, D. Escande and E. Rousseau, Patch-clamp study of liver nuclear ionic channels reconstituted into giant proteoliposomes, Febs Letters, 476(3) (2000) 234-239.
83. K.M. Giangiacomo, V. Fremont, T.J. Mullmann, M. Hanner, T.H. Cox and M.L. Garcia, Interaction of charybdotoxin S10A with single maxi-K channels: Kinetics of blockade depend on the presence of the beta 1 subunit, Biochemistry, 39(20) (2000) 6115-6122.
84. H. Kawai, L.R. Cao, S.M.J. Dunn, W.F. Dryden and M.A. Raftery, Interaction of a semirigid agonist with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, Biochemistry, 39(14) (2000) 3867-3876.
85. B. Jovov, A. Tousson, H.L. Ji, D. Keeton, V. Shlyonsky, P.J. Ripoll, C.M. Fuller and D.J. Benos, Regulation of epithelial Na+ channels by actin in planar lipid bilayers and in the Xenopus oocyte expression system, J. Biol. Chem., 274(53) (1999) 37845-37854.
86. C. Grosman and I.L. Reisin, Large conductance, multiplicity of conductance states, and inhibition by lanthanides, Journal of Membrane Biology, 174(1) (2000) 59-70.
87. T.Y. Tsong, Electroporation of cell membranes, Biophys. J., 60, (1991) 297-306; Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg., 24 (1990) 271-279.
88. L. Tung, G.C. Troiano, V. Sharma, R.M. Raphael and K.J. Stebe, Changes in electroporation thresholds of lipid membranes by surfactants and peptides,  Occupational Electrical Injury: An International Symposium, 888, 1999, pp. 249-265.
89. T. Steinkamp, H. Hill, S.C. Hinnah, R. Wagner, T. Rohl, K. Pohlmeyer and J. Soll, Identification of the pore-forming region of the outer chloroplast envelope protein OEP16, J. Biol. Chem., 275 (2000) 11758-11764.
90. O.V. Krasilnikov, P.G. Merzlyak, L.N. Yuldasheva, C.G. Rodrigues, S. Bhakdi and A. Valeva, Electrophysiological evidence for heptameric stoichiometry of ion channels formed by Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin in planar lipid bilayers, Mol. Microbiol., 37(6) (2000) 1372-1378.
91. M.C. Schmidt, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, B. Rist, A. Beck-Sickinger, H. Wunderli-Allenspach, W. Rubas, W. Sadee and H.P. Merkle, Translocation of human calcitonin in respiratory nasal epithelium is associated with self-assembly in lipid membrane, Biochemistry, 37 (1998) 16582-16590.
92. M.L. Chalfant, J.S. Denton, B.K. Berdiev, I.I. Ismailov, D.J. Benos and B.A. Stanton, Intracellular H+ regulates the alpha-subunit of ENaC, the epithelial Na+ channel, Am. J. Physiol., 276(2 Pt 1) (1999) C477-486.
93. I.I. Ismailov, V.G. Shlyonsky, E.H. Serpersu, C.M. Fuller, H.C. Cheung, D. Muccio, B.K. Berdiev and D.J. Benos, Liddle's disease using planar lipid bilayer, Biochemistry, 38 (1999) 354-363.
94. C. Li, S. Breton, R. Morrison, C.L. Cannon, F. Emma, R. Sanchez-Olea, C. Bear and K. Strange, Recombinant pICln forms highly cation-selective channels when reconstituted into artificial and biological membranes, J. Gen. Physiol., 112 (1998) 727-736.
95. L. Zhang, R. Benz and R.E. Hancock, Influence of proline residues on the antibacterial and synergistic activities of alpha-helical peptides, Biochemistry, 38 (1999) 8102-8111.
96. J. Lee, B. Klusener, G. Tsiamis, C. Stevens, C. Neyt, A.P. Tampakaki, N.J. Panopoulos, J. Noller, E.W. Weiler, G.R. Cornelis, J.W. Mansfield and T. Nurnberger, HrpZ(Psph) from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola binds to lipid bilayers and forms an ion-conducting pore in vitro,  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., US, 98 (2001) 289-294.
97. A. Kitamura, T. Kiyota, M. Tomohiro, A. Umeda, S. Lee, T. Inoue and G. Sugihara, Morphological behavior of acidic and neutral liposomes induced by basic amphiphilic alpha-helical peptides with systematically varied   hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, Biophys. J., 76 (1999) 1457-1468.
98. S.M. Grigoriev, Y.Y. Skarga, G.D. Mironova and B.S. Marinov, Regulation of mitochondrial KATP channel by redox agents, Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenergetics, 1410(1) (1999) 91-96.
99. R. Jemmerson, J. Liu, D. Hausauer, K.P. Lam, A. Mondino and R.D. Nelson, A conformational change in cytochrome c of apoptotic and necrotic cells is detected by monoclonal antibody binding and mimicked by association of the native antigen with synthetic phospholipid, Biochemistry, 38(12) (1999) 3599-3609.
100. J. Chen, J.H. Capdevila, D.C. Zeldin and R.L. Rosenberg, Inhibition of cardiac L-type calcium channels by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, Mol. Pharmacol., 55 (1999) 288-295.
101. H. Nakanishi, Artificial retina membranes, Prog. Surf. Sci., 49(2) (1995) 197-225.
102. Y. Higashimoto, H. Kodama, M. Jelokhani-Niaraki, F. Kato and M. Kondo, Structure-function relationship of model Aib-containing peptides as ion transfer intermembrane templates, J. Biochem.-Tokyo, 125(4) (1999) 705-712.
103. S.C. Piller, G.D. Ewart, D.A. Jans, P.W. Gage and G.B. Cox, The amino-terminal region of Vpr from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 forms ion channels and kills neurons, J. Virology, 73 (1999) 4230-4238.
104. J.I. Kourie and H.B. Wood, Biophysical and molecular properties of annexin-formed channels, Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., 73(2-4) (2000) 91-134.
105. T.J. Mullmann, P. Munujos, M.L. Garcia and K.M. Giangiacomo, Electrostatic mutations in iberiotoxin as a unique tool for probing the   electrostatic structure of the maxi-K channel outer vestibule, Biochemistry, 38(8) (1999) 2395-2402.
106. H.Y. Hu, P.D. Huynh, J.R. Murphy and J.C. vanderSpek, The effects of helix breaking mutations in the diphtheria toxin transmembrane domain helix layers of the fusion toxin DAB389IL-2, Protein Eng., 11(9) (1998) 811-817.
107. R.J. French, G.W. Zamponi and I.E. Sierralta, Molecular and kinetic determinants of local anaesthetic action on sodium channels, Toxicol. Lett., 100-101 (1998) 247-254.
108. H.C. Wartenberg, B.W. Urban and D.S. Duch, Distinct molecular sites of anaesthetic action: pentobarbital block of human  brain sodium channels is alleviated by removal of fast inactivation, Br. J. Anaesth., 82 (1999) 74-80.
109. R. Cassia-Moura, A. Popescu, J.R.A. Lima, C.S. Andrade, L.S. Ventura, K.S.A. Lima and J. Rinzel, The dyanmic activation of colicin Ia channels in planar bilayer lipid membrane, J. Theoret. Biol., 206 (2000) 235-241.
110. H. Duclohier, K. Kociolek, M. Stasiak, M.T. Leplawy and G.R. Marshall, C-terminally shortened alamethicin on templates: influence of the linkers on conductances, Biochimica Biophysica Acta-Biomembranes, 1420(1-2) (1999) 14-22.
111. L. Csernoch, P. Szentesi, S. Sarkozi, C. Szegedi, I. Jona and L. Kovacs, Effects of tetracaine on sarcoplasmic calcium release in mammalian skeletal muscle fibres, J. Physiol. Lond.,  515(3) (1999) 843-857.
112. K.S. Jakes, P.K. Kienker and A. Finkelstein, Channel-forming colicins: translocation (and other deviant behaviour) associated with colicin Ia channel gating, Quart. Rev. Biophys. 32 (1999) 189-205.
113. D.A. Wallace, Recent advances in the high resolution structures of bacterial channels: gramicidin A, J. Structural Biol., 121 (1998) 123-141.
114. E.D. Buck and I.N. Pessah, Mechanisms of delta-hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity: II. Evidence for Ca2+-dependent K+-selective ionophore activity, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 289 (1999) 486-493.
115. J. Ramos-Franco, D. Bare, S. Caenepeel, A. Nani, M. Fill and G. Mignery, Single-channel function of recombinant type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, Biophys. J., 79 (2000) 1388-1399.
116. V. Razinkov, I. Martin, S.J. Turco, F.S. Cohen, J.M. Ruysschaert and R.M. Epand, Relationship of membrane sidedness to the effects of the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani on the fusion of influenza virus, Eur. J. Biochem., 262 (1999) 890-899.
117. Y.-F. Zhang, X.-P. Hou, G. Wu, R.-C. Li, H.T. Tien and A.Ottova, Study on permeating selectivity of chiral complexes by BLMs, Electrochem. Commun., 1 (1999) 238-241.
118. Y. Umezawa, S. Kihara, K. Suzuki, N. Teramae and H. Watarai (Eds.), Molecular recognition at liquid-liquid interfaces: fundamentals and analytical applications: Special Issue of Analytical Sciences, 14 (1998) 1-245.
119. K.K.Y. Wong and R.E.W. Hancock, Insertion mutagenesis and membrane topology model of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein OprM, J. Bacteriology, 182 (2000) 2402-2410.
120. N. Ebran, S. Julien, N. Orange, P. Saglio, C. Lemaitre and G. Molle, Pore-forming properties and antibacterial activity of proteins extracted  from epidermal mucus of fish Comp., Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol., 122(2) (1999), 181-189.
121. Y.E. Korchev, G.M. Aldert, A. Bakhramov,C.L. Basahford, B.S. Joomun, E.V. Sviderskaya, P.N.R. Usherwood and C.A. Pasternak, J. Memb. Biol., 143 (1995) 143-151.
122. D.M. Czajkowsky, H. Iwamoto, T.L. Cover and Z. Shao, The vacuolating toxin from Helicobacter pylori forms hexameric pores in  lipid bilayers at low pH, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US, 96 (1999) 2001-2006.
123. H. Ikigai, T. Ono, T. Nakae, H. Otsuru and T. Shimamura, Two forms of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor hemolysin derived from identical precursor protein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1415(2) (1999) 297-305.
124. P.M. Macdonald, K.J. Crowell, C.M. Franzin, P. Mitrakos and D.J. Semchyschyn, Polyelectrolyte-induced domains in lipid bilayer membranes: the deuterium NMR perspective, Biochem. Cell. Biol. 76 (1998) 452-464.
125. E.J. Prenner, R.N. Lewis, L.H. Kondejewski, R.S. Hodges and R.N. McElhaney, Differential scanning calorimetric study of the effect of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S on the thermotropic phase behavior of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and  phosphatidylglycerol lipid bilayer membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1417 (1999) 211-223.
126. E.J. Jo, J. McLaurin, C.M. Yip, P. St. George-Hyslop and P.E. Fraser, Alpha-synuclein membrane interactions and lipid specificity, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275(44) (2000) 34328-34334.
127. M.B. Partenskii, V.L. Dorman and P.C. Jordan, Membrane stability under electrical stress: a non-local electroelastic treatment, J. Chem. Phys., 109 (1999) 10361-10366.
128. E.C. Thrower, H. Mobasheri, S. Dargan, P. Marius, E.J.A. Lea and A.P. Dawson, Interaction of luminal calcium and cytosolic ATP in the control of type 1 inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor channels,  Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275(46) (2000) 36049-36055.
129. S. Karim and D.H. Dean, Pesticidal and receptor binding properties of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin mutants to Pectinophora gossypiella and Helicoverpa zea, Current Microbiology, 41(6) (2000) 430-440.
130. N. Klinke, M. Goldermann and W. Hanke, The properties of alamethicin incorporated into planar lipid bilayers under the influence of microgravity, Acta Astronautica, 47(10) (2000) 771-773.
131. A. Winter, W.P. Ulrich, F. Wetterich, U. Weller and H.J. Galla, Gangliosides in phospholipid bilayer membranes: Interaction with tetanus toxin, Chem. Phys. Lipids, 81 (1996) 21-34.
132. H. Yamada, H. Shiku, T. Matsue and I. Uchida, Electron-transfer at a planar bilayer-lipid membrane incorporated with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane studied by ac-impedance spectroscopy, Journal of Physical Chem., 97 (1993) 9547-9549.
133. D.L. Jiang, J.X. Li, P. Diao, Z.B. Jia, R.T. Tong, H.T. Tien and A.L. Ottova, Photoinduced electron transfer across a gold supported octadecanethiol/phosphatidylcholine hybrid bilayer membrane mediated by C-60 in different redox species solution, J. Photochem. Photobiol.A-Chem., 132 (2000) 219-224.
134. M. Munstermann, A. Wiese, K. Brandenburg, U. Zahringer, L. Brade, K. Kawahara and U. Seydel, Complement activation by bacterial surface glycolipids: A study with planar bilayer membranes, J. Memb. Biol., 167(3) (1999) 223-232.
135. M.H. Wu, E. Maier, R. Benz and R.E.W. Hancock, Mechanism of interaction of different classes of cationic antimicrobial peptides with planar bilayers and with the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli, Biochemistry, 38(22) (1999) 7235-7242.
136. M.A. Arbing, D. Dahan, D. Boismenu, O.A. Mamer, J.W. Hanrahan and J.W. Coulton, Charged residues in surface-located loops influence voltage gating of porin from Haemophilus influenzae type b, Journal of Membrane Biology, 178(3) (2000) 185-193.
137. M. Seitz, E. Ter-Ovanesyan, M. Hausch, C.K. Park, J.A. Zasadzinski, R. Zentel and J.N. Israelachvili, Formation of tethered supported bilayers by vesicle fusion onto lipopolymer monolayers promoted by osmotic stress, Langmuir, 16 (2000) 6067-6070.
138. A.T. Todorov, A.G. Petrov, M.O. Brandt, G. Picard, N. Denicourt and J.H. Fendler, in J.M. Schnur and M. Peckerar (Eds.), Synthetic Microstructures in Biologiacal Research, Plenum, New York, NY, 1992, pp. 183-190.
139. P. Krysinski, H.T. Tien and A. Ottova, Charge-transfer processes and redox reactions in planar lipid monolayers and bilayers, Biotechnology Progress, 15 (1999) 974-990.
140. Y.L. Zhang, H.X. Shen, Y. Liu, C.X. Zhang and L.X. Chen, Salt-bridge supported bilayer lipid membrane modified with Calix[n]arenes as alkali cation sensors, Analytical Letters, 33(5) (2000) 831-845.
141. D. Ginley, A. Catalano, H.W. Schock, C. Ebeerspacher, T.M. Peterson and T. Wada (Eds.), Thin Films for Photovoltaic and Related Device Applications, Materials Research Society (MRS) Symposium Series, Pittsburgh, 1996, Vol. 426.
142. A.L. Ottova and H.T. Tien, Hydrogen generation via SC-SEP cells, Current Topics in Biophysics, in press (2001).
143. R. Hirn, B. Schuster, U.B. Sleytr and T.M. Bayerl, The effect of S-layer protein adsorption and crystallization on the collective motion of a planar lipid bilayer studied by dynamic light scattering, Biophys. J., 77 (1999) 2066-2074.
144. K.G. Klemic, E. Buck, J.F. Klemic, M.A. Reed and F.J. Sigworth, Quartz "microchip" partitions for improved planar lipid bilayer recording of single channel currents, Biophy. J., 78 (2000) 1575.
145. H. Gao, G.-A. Luo, J. Feng, A.L. Ottova and H.T. Tien, Fabrication and photoelectric conversion property of bilayer lipid membranes self-assembled on ITO substrate, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, in press (2001).
146. H. Gao,  J. Feng, G.-A. Luo, A.L. Ottova and H.T. Tien, Some electrochemical features of supported bilayer lipid membranes, Electroanalysis, in press (2001).
147. T.I. Rokitskaya, M. Block, Y.U. Antonenko, E.A. Kotova and P. Pohl, Photosensitizer binding to lipid bilayers as a precondition for the photoinactivation of membrane channels, Biophys. J., 78 (2000) 2572-2580.
148. Y. Amao and N. Kumazawa, The hydrophobic and electrostatic  effect of basic polyamino acid-DNA polyion complex on artificial BLMs, Nucleic Acids Symp. Series, 29 (1993) 149-151.
149. Y.L. Zhang, H.X. Shen, C.X. Zhang, A. Ottova and H.T. Tien, The study on interaction of DNA with hemin and detection of DNA in the salt bridge supported bilayer lipid membrane system, Electrochim. Acta, in press (2001).
150. U.J. Krull, D.P. Nikolelis, S.C. Jantzi and J. Zeng, Electrochemical detection of hybridization of DNA oligomers of mixed base sequence by surface-stabilized bilayer lipid membranes, Electroanalysis, 12(12) (2000) 921-925.
151. J. Feng, C.Y. Zhang, A.L. Ottova and H.T. Tien, Photoelectric measurements of s-
BLM/nucleoli: a new technique for studying apoptosis, Bioelectrochemistry, 51 (2000) 187-191.
152. D. Ivnitski, E. Wilkins, H.T. Tien and A. Ottova, Electrochemical biosensor based on
supported planar lipid bilayers for fast detection of pathogenic bacteria, Electrochem. Commun., 2 (2000) 457-460.
 

Return to Table of Contents

Interested in the origin of black lipid membranes? Click here.

Note: If you are interested in having a personal copy of the book from the authors, an one-time offer, at a special discount price, on a 'first come first served' basis, is available.
For more details, please, e-mail to: ottova@pilot.msu.edu