Glossery

Commonly used terms and phrases used in Dendrology

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Achene - A small, dry, 1 seeded fruit

Aggregate - A cluster of fruits developed from seperate pistils of a single flower and remaining together at maturity

Allelopathy - The chemical influence of one living plant on another, usually in a negitive connotation

Ament - A flexible, often pendent, scaly spike bearing apetalous, unisexual flowers

Anther - The pollen-bearing part of the stamen

Apetalous - Without petals

Apophysis - The part of a cone scale which is exposed when the cone is closed

Appressed - Flattened against

Arborescent - Treelike

Arcuate - Leaf veins arching upward toward the apex of the leaf.

Aril - A fleshy appendage growing from the point of attachment of a seed and often covering the seed.

Berry - A simple fleshy fruit with the entire pericarp fleshy; with one to many seeds.

Bipinnate - Twice pinnate

Blade - Lamina; the flattened extended part of a leaf.

Bract - A modified leaf subtending a flower, branch of a inflorescence or a conifer cone scale.

Bracteole - A tertiary bract.

Bractlet - A secondary bract.

Bundle scar - A small scar in a leaf scar left by the vascular bundle.

Cambium - Laterial meristem responsible for secondary growth.

Capsule - A simple, dry, dehiscent fruit, the product of a compound pistil.

Coriaceous - Thick and leathery

Cove - A sheltered valley between opposing slopes.

Crenate - Margin with rounded or blunt teeth.

Cuneate - Wedge shaped, tapering to a narrow base.

Cyme - Inflorescence consisting of a central rachis terminated early by a flower, then lower lateral branches developing and              either ending with a flower or another cyme.

Descussate - Opposite, 4 ranked leaf arrangement.

Dehiscent - Opening.

Deltate - Triangular or delta shaped.

Dentate - Margin with sharp teeth pointing outward.

Dioecious - Plant having unisexual flowers or cones, with only one sex per plant.

Double serrate - Margin with large teeth, each tooth having smaller teeth.

Drupaceous - Drupelike.

Drupe - A simple, usually one seeded, fleshy fruit with the outer pericarp fleshy and the endocarp bony, a stone fruit.

Entire - Smooth margin.

Epicormic - Shoot arising from an adventitious or dormant bud on a stem or branch of a woody plant.

Erose - Irregularly toothed, eroded or 'chewed'

Excerted - Extending beyond.

Fasicle - Dense cluster or bundle

Follicle - A dry 1-celled fruit from a simple pistil dehiscent by one suture.

Genotype - Genetic constitution of an individual.

Glabrous - Smooth, lacking hairs.

Glaucous - Covered with a white wax.

Habit - The shape or form of a plant.

Habitat - The locality in which an organism lives.

Imbricate - Overlapping.

Involucre - A cluster of bracts surrounding a flower.

Keeled - With a central ridge, like the keel of a boat.

Lamina - Leaf blade.

Lanceolate - Lance shaped, much longer than wide. Widest nearest the base and tapering toward the apex.

Leaflet - Division of a compound leaf.

Leaf scar - Scar left on the twig when the leaf falls.

Lenticel - A small corky spot or line on the surface of a twig.

MAD Cap Horse - A memonic device to help with learning trees which have opposite leaf arrangement

Naked bud - A bud without scales.

Obovate - Ovate with the broader end toward the apex.

Opposite - Two leaves emerging at opposite sides from the same place on the twig.

Ovate - Shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, with the broad end at the base.

Pamlate - Radiately lobed or divided, veins arising from one point. Like a hand.

Panicle - Loose, compound, or branched flwoer cluster.

Pedicel - Stalk of a single flower.

Pedicellate - Born on a pedicel.

Peduncle - A general flower stalk supporting either a cluster of flowers or a solitary flower.

Peltate - Sheild-shaped and attached by its lower surface to the central stalk.

Pendant - Hanging downwards.

Perfect - Flower with both stamens and a pistil.

Perianth - The calyx and corolla ofa flower considered as a whole.

Persistant - Remaining attached, not falling off.

Petiolate - Having a petiole.

Petiole - The stalk of a leaf.

Pubescent - Hairy, covered with fine soft hairs

Rachis - The axis of a compound leaf or inflorescence.

Reniform - Kidney shaped.

Samara - An indehiscent, dry winged fruit.

Scabrous - Rough to the touch, covered with short bristly hairs.

Stipule - A leafly appendage attached to the petiole or twig at the base of the leaf, in pairs, one on each side of the leaf.

Thorn - A sharp modified branch.

Twig - Last years growth of a woody stem.

Umbel - A simple inflorescence of flowers with pedicels all arising from the same point.

Umbo - A boss or protuberance.

Undulate - With a wavy surface margin.

Unisexual - Of one sex, either male or female.

Valvate - Meeting at the edges and not overlapping, as in bud scales.

Vernal - Appearing in the spring.

Whorled - Three or more organs arranged in a circle around an axis.

Wooly - Covered with long and matted or tangled hairs.

Xeric - Dry.

Xerophyte - A plant adapted to dry conditions.

Xylem - Conducting tissue formed mainly of tracheids or vessles and tracheids.


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Last modified 2-28-97