Abaxial - in reference to axis, backside or outside surface
Adaxial - in reference to the axis. inside or upper surface
Axil - point of intersection between stem and leaf
Axillary - located at the axil
Axis / Axes - long, central structure such as a stem or petiole of pinnately compound leaf
Barb - short, rigid spines
Basal - at the base, plant part or section originating at the base
Bladder - bloated, thin walled structure gas filled for buoyancy
Blade - widest part of leaf or petal
Columnar - arranged like a column
Conifer - tree that bears cones
Contiguous - next to each to each other; touching each other
Cortex - rind, bark, tissue of root, stem or similar structure
Cortical - arranged around the cortex
Decurrent - extends down along the stem
Dilated - flattened and expanded
Dichotomous - forked or branched into 2 equal parts
Dorsal - see abaxial
Emersed / Emergent - growing out of or above the water may refer to plant parts or entire plants
Erect - vertical, such as the stalk of a tulip
Glabrous - lacking hairs, smooth
Globular / globose - round like a sphere
Hummock - low rounded hill
Hyaline - transparent
Joint - part of stem where the leaf or branch originates
Lenticel - dark, raised area elliptical is shape on a young stem
Nodding - drooping or bent over and hanging downward
Ochrea - papery sheath
Peatlands - a wetland where the substrate is primarily organic matter (ex. sphagnum bogs)
Pellucid - transparent / translucent
Pith - a porous inner filling of stems, especially in woody plants
Prostrate - plant body lays flat on its surface
Pubescence/Pubescent - surface covered with hairs
Retrorse - angled downward or backward
Rhizomes - underground stem running parallel the ground surface, used in vegetative reproduction
Rhizomatous / Rhizomonous - growing from a rhizome
Scars - mark remaining on a structure after another structure detaches
Seeps - a location where water trickles from an underground aquifer
Sessile - direct attachment of flower or leaf to its stalk/petiole
Sheath - thin membrane or organ part surrounding another organ
Spiny - bearing spines
Stem - main axis of the plant
Submersed/submerged - below the water surface
Subterminal - structure near end of branch or axis
Subtend - lie close to often just underneath
Succulent - liquid filled and juicy
Swale - a small depression that holds water
Terete - rounded in cross section
Terminal - structure located at end of branch
Thickets - an area dominated by woody plants
Tubular - cylindrical
Tuft - raised area of vegetation
Ventral - see adaxial
Whorled - plant parts forming a ring around a central axis; forming a circle