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Vowels
[ey] ~ [e]
[e] ~ [ae]
[uh] ~ [a]
[u] ~ [uw]
[vowel] ~ [r]
Consonants
[r] ~ [l]
[th]

Questions

 

 

[e] and [ae]

[e]

[e] is articulated with the tongue in a neutral position relative to the roof of the mouth - not too high and not too low. The lips are slightly open.

[ae]

For [ae], the mouth is much more open than for [e], while the tongue remains low and moved far toward the front of the oral cavity, as if one was choking.

Minimal Pairs

Click "PLAY" to hear the contrasts.
 

[e] ~ [ae]

PLAY

bet ~ bat

PLAY

dead ~ dad

PLAY

head ~ had

PLAY

lend ~ land

PLAY

letter ~ latter

PLAY

guess ~ gass

PLAY

mess ~ mass

PLAY

gem ~ jam

PLAY

leg ~ lag

PLAY

send ~ sand

Tongue Twisters

Click "PLAY" to hear the utterances. Try to repeat after the model.
PLAY

Stan guessed that his dad had that bed for ten years.

PLAY

Many men met this man when they camped in Kent.

PLAY

Dan asked why Mandy can't bend this metal band.

PLAY

Kathy was a better batter than Pam but Pam was better at chess.

PLAY

Ken says that he can clean his leather bag with a blend of ash and sand.

Exercises

Quiz 1

Quiz 2

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