Human Evolution

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4.3-3.9 Million Years Ago

The Australopithecus anamensis continued to hold some primitive characteristics, but also began to possess some human characteristics as well. The skull continued to be exceptionally primitive, while the body was beginning to become more human-like(1). The humorous bone in the arm was especially human-like. A large tibia bone found also lead to the conclusion that this species walked on two feet(2). Although this species was bipedal, it was also believed to spend much of its time in trees as well. The teeth were also much different than in the Ardipithecus ramidus. The postcanine teeth were found to be larger and the enamel was thicker than in previous remains found (lower mandible jaw on right)(3). Clashing opinions have arisen on the differences between the Australopithecus anamensis and the Australopithecus afarensis. A positive difference will not be declared until more remains are uncovered on this species.

 

 

 

 

 

Ardipithecus ramidus Australopithecus afarnensis Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus robustus Australopithecus boisei
Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens (archaic) Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Homo sapiens (modern)

References:

1. Foley, Jim, July 31, 2001, Hominid Species, http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/species.html (November 29, 2001)

2. Public Broadcasting Station, 1998, Human Evolution, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/evolution/ (November 30, 2001)

3. Park, Michael A., 1999, Biological Anthrolpology: Second Edition, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View California, 412 p.